The ECS is an evolutionary complex cell-signaling network occurring in all vertebrates, including humans. It plays such a critical role in the course of many physiological and cognitive processes: mood, appetite, sensation of pain, immune functions, sleep. Discovered in the 1990s, the ECS has since been regarded as critical to maintaining homeostasis, or the balance inside one’s self.
The ECS consists of three main components: endocannabinoids, receptors, and enzymes. Endocannabinoids are naturally occurring lipid-based neurotransmitters that the body produces. The two most studied include anandamide and 2-AG. These latter molecules interact with cannabinoid receptors, with CB1 mainly being found in the brain and central nervous system, and CB2 in peripheral tissue and parts of the immune system. This interaction triggers various effects depending on their location.
Specialized enzymes like FAAH and MAGL degrade the endocannabinoids once their task is performed so that the system doesn’t overreact.
Cannabis compounds, such as THC and CBD, mimic or influence endocannabinoids in peculiar ways. THC activates CB1 receptors, a binding that, when it involves cannabis, produces a “high.” In contrast, CBD alters the ECS indirectly, providing probable therapeutic benefits without intoxication.
Knowledge about the ECS is important for the development of treatments related to pain, anxiety, and inflammation and thus represents a key element of health and wellness.
